> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://dubs-docs.gitbook.io/tbd-rp-department-of-justice-legal-code/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://dubs-docs.gitbook.io/tbd-rp-department-of-justice-legal-code/unified-code-of-laws/title-6-penal-code/3-public-order-and-government-crimes/3-28-accessory-to-a-crime-before-after-the-fact.md).

# \[3] 28 - Accessory to a Crime (Before/After the Fact)

**Offense Classification:** **Misdemeanor / Felony** *(Depending on whether the assistance occurred before or after the crime, and the severity of the underlying offense)*

#### **Definition:**

An Accessory to a Crime is someone who **intentionally assists a principal offender either before or after the commission of a crime**, without being directly involved in the actual execution of the offense. This includes providing tools, information, shelter, or escape assistance.

#### **Elements of the Crime:**

* A **crime was committed** by a principal offender.
* The individual **knowingly and voluntarily assisted** either before or after the crime occurred.
* The individual’s assistance was **not part of the actual commission** (which would qualify as aiding and abetting instead).
* The individual **had knowledge of the criminal act** and intended to support or conceal it.

#### **Penalties:**

**Accessory Before the Fact:** *(Assisted prior to the crime)*

* **Felony:** Up to **75% of the penalty for the principal offense**
* **Fine:** Up to **$15,000**
* **License Suspension:** Optional, based on the offense supported

**Accessory After the Fact:** *(Assisted in escape, concealment, or protection afterward)*

* **Misdemeanor or Felony** depending on the crime
* **Jail Time:** Up to 3 years
* **Fine:** Up to $10,000

**Additional Consequences:**

* May be **charged even if not present at the scene**
* May face **civil liability** in addition to criminal penalties
* **Repeat offenders** may face sentencing enhancements

#### **Related Charges:**

**\[3] 26 - Conspiracy to Commit a Crime** *(If the individual was part of the planning phase)*\
\&#xNAN;**\[3] 27 - Aiding and Abetting** *(If assistance occurred during the commission of the crime)*\
\&#xNAN;**\[3] 6 - Obstruction of Justice** *(If the assistance interfered with an ongoing investigation)*\
\&#xNAN;**\[5] 5 - Evading Police** *(If the accessory helped conceal someone fleeing arrest)*


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